Global Compact on Migration
The global compact is an intergovernmental negotiated agreement prepared under the auspices of the United Nations that describes itself as covering “all dimensions of international migration holistically and comprehensively.”
The United Nations General Assembly formally agreed upon the compact on 19 December 2018. The agreement is not an international treaty; it is non-binding under international law.
Types of Migration
There are many different types of migration, such as:
- Emigration.
- Immigration.
- Internal migration.
- International migration.
- Rural-urban migration.
Migration Effects
Migration can affect migrants positively and negatively.
As positive effects of migration:
- It helps young youth advance their life prospects and allows them to pursue their goals.
- It makes people connect to new and innovative lifestyles.
- People discover new places as well as meet new people.
- It helps the person become self-reliant and increases the sense of self-confidence.
As for adverse effects of migration:
- The immigrant may need money.
- Immigrants may be subject to racism.
- The migrant may have difficulty learning a new language that he does not know. A person may need several years to learn a new language to master it.
- An immigrant may suffer from exposure due to not being able to access appropriate health care.
- The exploitation of immigrant persons in human trade cases.
And also, it may have other effects like:
Social Effects
The social problems of immigration are:
- Poverty.
- Acculturation.
- Education
- Housing.
- Employment.
- Social functionality.
However, there is another issue that immigrants face:
Social Inequalities
The social inequalities can’t be small or countable things, but here are some:
- The income gap.
- Gender inequality.
- Health care.
- Social class.
The Impact of International Migration on Economies
One of the significant challenges facing the world’s advanced economies is slow growth. During the last decade, the growth rates of developed economies amounted to 1.2%, compared to 3.1% during the past twenty-five years.
Immigration contributes a significant proportion to economic growth. Migration is more necessary than ever, as an aging population and declining birth rates in advanced economies lead to a less-than-matched rise in the number of local young people working to support that retirement.
Rapid growth is a positive thing even if it has to support a large population because working immigrants pay taxes, which contributes to the support of retirees. For a country to increase with a dynamic and ever-increasing population, it is better than a country whose population is shrinking.
Sending Countries
Declining immigration and rising unemployment in receiving economies can hurt sending countries, inferior ones, which depend heavily on remittances from migrant workers to their countries of origin.
Receiving Countries
Immigrants contribute to an increase in GDP per capita by raising productivity—the amount each worker produces. This is because immigrants are more willing to enter the world of entrepreneurship and start new business projects in the receiving country.
Integration of Migrant Workers
In addition to making the migrant workers work at the local places, they have to be a part of the new community by integrating them with the original workers and workplaces.
Health Problems
As we mentioned before, migrants can face health problems in their new place, not just because of their migrant situation; there is another reason which is:
Migration and Communicable Diseases
Migrants could bring diseases to the host country because of their migration. When they live in a disaster area, many people may catch some conditions that can move from one person to another, which could be hard to face in the new community.
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